US History

Federal Leadership

  
      John Roberts
Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court

The President’s Cabinet

  
      Tom Vilsack
Secretary of Agriculture

  
      Jennifer Granholm
Secretary of Energy

  
    Cabinet-Level Nominees:
    
Cleared Committee, waiting for full Senate confirmation.
    
Committee hearings have started (or have been scheduled), but no committee vote has taken place.
    
Committee hearings have not yet been scheduled.

California State Leadership

  
      Jimmy Panetta
Member of the House of Representatives (CA-19)

Leadership Timeline

YEAR

FEDERAL OFFICES

CALIFORNIA VOTING HABITS

STATE OFFICIALS

PRESIDENT

NO.

SENATE

HOUSE

SUPREME COURT

PRESIDENT

SENATE

HOUSE

GOVERNOR

SENATE

ASSEMBLY

2024

D 51
R 49

R 222
D 213

R
O
B
E
R
T
S

K
A
V
A
N
A
U
G
H

★

S
O
T
O
M
A
Y
O
R

K
A
G
A
N

T
H
O
M
A
S

B
A
R
R
E
T
T

A
L
I
T
O

G
O
R
S
U
C
H

Butler (D)

Padilla (D)

D 40
R 12

Gavin Newsom (D)
Eleni Kounalakis (D)

D 32
R 8

D 62
R 18

2023

Kevin McCarthy (R-CA)

Biden/Harris - 63%
Trump/Pence - 34%
Other - 3%

Feinstein (D)

2022

D 50
R 50

Nancy Pelosi (D-CA)

D 222
R 213

B
R
E
Y
E
R

D 42
R 11

D 31
R 9

D 60
R 19
I 1

2021

2020

R 53
D 47

D 235
R 200

G
I
N
S
B
U
R
G

Harris (D)

D 46
R 7

D 29
R 11

D 60
R 20

2019

Clinton/Kaine - 62%
Trump/Pence - 32%
Other - 6%

2018

R 52
D 48

Paul Ryan (R-WI)

R 241
D 194

K
E
N
N
E
D
Y

D 39
R 14

Jerry Brown (D)
Gavin Newsom (D); 2011-19
Abel Maldonado (R); 2011

D 27
R 13

D 55
R 25

2017

2016

R 54
D 46

R 247
D 188

S
C
A
L
I
A

Boxer (D)

D 38
R 15

D 26
R 14

D 52
R 28

2015

John Boehner (R-OH)

Obama/Biden - 60%
Romney/Ryan - 37%
Other - 3%

2014

Harry Reid (D-NV)
Patrick Leahy (D-VT); 2012-15
Daniel Inouye (D-HI); 2010-12
Robert Byrd (D-WV); 2007-10

D 55
R 45

R 234
D 201

D 34
R 19

D 29
R 11

D 55
R 25

2013

2012

D 53
R 47

R 242
D 193

D 25
R 15

D 52
R 28

2011

Obama/Biden - 61%
McCain/Palin - 36%
Other - 3%

2010

D 60
R 40

Nancy Pelosi (D-CA)

D 258
R 177

S
T
E
V
E
N
S

Arnold Schwarzenegger (R)
Abel Maldonado (R); 2010-11
Mona Pasquil (D); 2009-10
John Garamendi (D); 2007-09
Cruz Bustamante (D); 2003-07

D 50
R 29
I 1

2009

S
O
U
T
E
R

2008

D 51
R 49

D 233
R 202

D 48
R 32

2007

Kerry/Edwards - 54%
Bush/Cheney - 44%
Other - 2%

2006

Bill Frist (R-TN)
Ted Stevens (R-AK)

R 55
D 45

Dennis Hastert (R-IL)

R 232
D 203

D 33
R 20

2005

R
E
H
N
Q
U
I
S
T

O
C
O
N
N
O
R

2004

R 51
D 49

R 229
D 206

2003

Gore/Lieberman - 53%
Bush/Cheney - 42%
Other - 5%

Gray Davis (D)
Cruz Bustamante (D)

2002

Tom Daschle (D-SD)

51-49

R 223
D 212

D 32
R 20

D 26
R 14

D 50
R 30

2001

Trent Lott (R-MS)
Strom Thurmond (R-SC)

50-50

2000

R 55
D 45

D 27 R 25

D 25
R 15

D 47
R 32
G 1

1999

Clinton/Gore - 51%
Dole/Kemp - 38%
Perot/Campbell - 7%
Other - 4%

D 28 R 24

1998

Newt Gingrich (R-GA)

R 227
D 208

D 29
R 23

Pete Wilson (R)
Gray Davis (D); 1995-99
Leo McCarthy; 1991-95

D 23
R 16
I 1

D 43
R 37

1997

1996

R 53
D 47

R 230
D 205

D 26 R 26

D 21
R 17
I 2

R 41
D 39

1995

Bob Dole (R-KS)

Clinton/Gore - 46%
Bush/Quayle - 33%
Perot/Stockdale - 21%

D 27 R 25

1994

George Mitchell (D-ME)
Robert Byrd (D-WV)

D 57
R 43

Tom Foley (D-WA)

D 259
R 176

B
L
A
C
K
M
U
N

D 30
R 22

D 23
R 15
I 2

D 48
R 34

1993

W
H
I
T
E

1992

D 56
R 44

D 268
R 167

Seymour (R)

Cranston (D)

D 26
R 19

D 25
R 14
I 1

D 46
R 34

1991

M
A
R
S
H
A
L
L

Bush/Quayle - 51%
Dukakis/Bentson - 48%
Other - 1%

1990

D 55
R 45

D 259
R 174

B
R
E
N
N
A
N

Wilson (R)

D 28
R 17

George Deukmejian (R)
Leo McCarthy (R)

D 24
R 14
I 1

D 47
R 33

1989

Jim Wright (D-TX)

1988

Robert Byrd (D-WV)
John Stennis (D-MS)

D 56
R 46

D 258
R 177

D 44
R 36

1987

P
O
W
E
L
L

Reagan/Bush - 58%
Mondale/Ferraro - 41%
Other - 1%

1986

Bob Dole (R-KS)
Strom Thurmond (R-SC)

R 52
D 48

Tip O'Neill (D-MA)

D 253
R 182

B
U
R
G
E
R

R
E
H
N
Q
U
I
S
T

D 25
R 15

D 47
R 33

1985

1984

Howard Baker (R-TN)
Strom Thurmond (R-SC)

R 54
D 46

D 269
R 166

D 48
R 32

1983

Reagan/Bush - 53%
Carter/Mondale - 36%
Anderson/Lucey - 9%
Other - 2%

1982

R 53
D 47

D 243
R 192

Hayakawa (R)

D 22
R 21

Jerry Brown (D)
Michael Curb (R); 1979-83
Mervyn Dymally (D); 1975-79

D 26
R 14

D 47
R 33

1981

S
T
E
W
A
R
T

1980

Robert Byrd (D-WV)
Warren Magnuson (D-WA); 1979-81
Milton Young (R-ND); 1980
James Eastland (D-MS); 1972-78

D 59
R 41

D 276
R 159

D 28
R 15

D 50
R 30

1979

Ford/Dole - 49%
Carter/Mondale - 48%
Other - 3%

1978

D 62
R 38

D 292
R 143

D 29
R 14

D 28
R 12

D 57
R 23

1977

1976

Mike Mansfield (D-MT)
James Eastland (D-MS); 1972-78
Allen Ellender (D-LA); 1971-72
Richard Russell, Jr (D-GA); 1969-71
Carl Hayden (D-AZ); 1957-69

D 61
R 39

Carl Albert (D-OK)

D 291
R 144

Tunney (D)

D 28
R 15

D 25
R 15

D 55
R 25

1975

D
O
U
G
L
A
S

Nixon/Agnew - 55%
McGovern/Shriver - 42%
Other - 3%

1974

D 57
R 43

D 242
R 193

D 23
R 20

Ronald Reagan (R)
John Harmer (R); 1974-75
Edwin Reinecke (R); 1969-74
Robert Finch (R); 1967-69

D 20
R 20

D 51
R 29

1973

1972

D 55
R 45

D 255
R 180

D 20
R 18

D 21
R 19

D 43
R 37

1971

B
L
A
C
K

H
A
R
L
A
N

I
I

Nixon/Agnew - 49%
Humphrey/Muskie - 45%
Wallace/LeMay - 6%

1970

D 57
R 43

John McCormack (D-MA)

D 243
R 192

Murphy (R)

D 21
R 17

R 21
D 19

R 41
R 39

1969

F
O
R
T
A
S

1968

D 62
R 38

D 248
R 187

W
A
R
R
E
N

Kuchel (R)

D 20 R 20

D 42
R 38

1967

C
L
A
R
K

Johnson/Humphrey - 59%
Goldwater/Miller - 41%

D 21 R 19

1966

D 68
R 32

D 295
R 140

D 23
R 15

Pat Brown (D)
Glenn Anderson (D)

D 27
R 13

D 49
R 31

1965

★

1964

D 66
R 34

D 258
R 177

Salinger (D)

D 52
R 28

1963

Nixon/Lodge - 50%
Kennedy/Johnson - 49%
Other - 1%

Engle (D)

1962

D 65
R 35

D 263
R 174

F
R
A
N
K
F
U
R
T
E
R

D 24
R 14

D 30
R 10

D 47
R 33

1961

Sam Rayburn (D-TX)

W
H
I
T
T
A
K
E
R

1960

Lyndon B. Johnson (D-TX)
Carl Hayden (D-AZ); 1957-69
Walter George (D-GA); 1955-57

D 66
R 34

D 282
R 153

D 16
R 14

D 26
R 14

1959

Eisenhower/Nixon - 55%
Stevenson/Kefauver - 44%
Other - 1%

1958

D 49
R 47

D 234
R 201

B
U
R
T
O
N

Knowland (R)

R 17
D 13

Goodwin Knight (R)
Harold Powers (R)

D 20
R 20

R 42
D 38

1957

1956

D 49
R 47

D 232
R 203

M
I
N
T
O
N

R
E
E
D

R 19
D 11

R 22
D 18

R 47
D 23

1955

Eisenhower/Nixon - 57%
Stevenson/Sparkman - 42%
Other - 1%

1954

William F. Knowland (R-CA)

R 49
D 47

Joseph Martin, Jr. (R-MA)

R 221
D 213
I 1

J
A
C
K
S
O
N

R 29
D 11

R 53
D 27

1953

Robert Taft (R-OH)

V
I
N
S
O
N

Earl Warren (R)
Goodwin Knight (R); 1947-53
Frederick Houser; 1943-47

1952

Earnest MacFarland (D-AZ)
Kenneth McKellar (D-TN)

D 49
R 47

Sam Rayburn (D-TX)

D 235
R 199
I 1

Nixon (R)

R 12
D 11

R 28
D 12

R 47
D 33

1951

Truman/Barkley - 48%
Dewey/Warren - 47%
Other - 5%

1950

Scott Lucas (D-IL)
Kenneth McKellar (D-TN)

D 54
R 42

D 263
R 171
O 1

Downey (D)

R 26
D 14

R 45
D 35

1949

R
U
T
L
E
D
G
E

M
U
R
P
H
Y

1948

Wallace White, Jr. (R-ME)
Arthur Vandenberg (R-MI)

R 51
D 45

Joseph Martin, Jr. (R-MA)

R 246
D 188
O 1

R 14
D 9

R 24
D 20

R 48
D 32

1947

Roosevelt/Truman - 56%
Dewey/Bricker - 43%
Other - 1%

1946

Alben W. Barkley (D-KY)
Kenneth McKellar (D-TN); 1945-47
Carter Class (D-VA); 1941-45
Pat Harrison (D-MS); 1941
William King (D-UT); 1940-41
Key Pittman (D-NV); 1933-40

D 57
R 38
P 1

Sam Rayburn (D-TX)

D 243
R 190
O 2

D 16
R 7

R 42
D 37I 1

1945

S
T
O
N
E

R
O
B
E
R
T
S

Johnson (R)

1944

D 222
R 209
O 4

D 13
R 10

R 24
D 16

R 44
D 36

1943

Roosevelt/Wallace - 57%
Willkie/McNary - 41%
Other - 2%

1942

D 66
R 28
O 2

D 268
R 162
O 5

★

D 10
R 10

Culbert Olson (D)
Ellis Patterson (D)

D 42
R 38

1941

H
U
G
H
E
S

S
T
O
N
E

1940

D 69
R 23
O 4

D 261
R 169
O 5

M
C
R
E
Y
N
O
L
D
S

D 11
R 8
P 1

R 21
D 19

D 44
R 36

1939

William Bankhead (D-AL)

B
U
T
L
E
R

Roosevelt/Garner - 67%
Landon/Knox - 32%
Other - 1%

1938

D 76
R 16
O 4

D 333
R 89
O 13

C
A
R
D
O
Z
O

B
R
A
N
D
E
I
S

Storke (D)

D 13
R 4
P 1

Frank Merriam (R)
George Hatfield (R); 1935-39

R 25
D 15

D 47
R 33

1937

Joe Robinson (D-AR)
Key Pittman (D-NV)

V
A
N

D
E
V
A
N
T
E
R

S
U
T
H
E
R
L
A
N
D

McAdoo (D)

1936

D 69
R 25
O 2

D 323
R 102
O 10

D 13
R 7

R 31
D 8
I 1

R 42
D 37
I 1

1935

Joseph Byrnes, Sr. (D-TN)

Roosevelt/Garner - 58%
Hoover/Curtis - 37%
Other - 5%

1934

D 58
R 36
FL 1

Henry Rainey (D-IL)

D 313
R 117
FL 5

D 11
R 9

R 35
D 5

R 55
D 25

1933

James Rolph (R)
Frank Merriam (R)

1932

James Watson (R-IN)
George H. Moses (R-NH)

R 48
D 47
FL 1

John N. Garner (D-TX)

D 220
R 214
FL 1

Shortridge (R)

R 10
D 1

R 36
D 4

R 73
D 7

1931

H
O
L
M
E
S

Hoover/Curtis - 65%
Smith/Robinson - 34%
Other - 1%

1930

R 54
D 41
FL 1

Nicholas Longworth (R-OH)

R 270
D 164
FL 1

CC Young (R)
Herschel Carnahan (R); 1928-31
Buron Fitts; 1927-28

R 35
D 5

R 71
D 7
I 2

1929

T
A
F
T

S
A
N
F
O
R
D

1928

Charles Curtis (R-KS)
George H. Moses (R-NH); 1925-33
Albert Cummins (R-IA); 1919-25

R 48
D 47
FL 1

R 238
D 194
O 3

R 74
D 6

1927

Coolidge/Dawes - 57%
La Follette/Wheeler - 33%
Davis/Bryan - 8%
Other - 3%

1926

R 55
D 40
FL 1

R 248
D 183
O 4

R 9
D 2

Friend Richardson (R)
CC Young (R)

R 37
D 3

R 75
D 5

1925

1924

R 53
D 42
FL 1

Frederick Gillett (R-MA)

R 225
D 207
O 3

M
C
K
E
N
N
A

R 36
D 3
I 1

R 76
D 4

1923

Henry Cabot Lodge (R-MA)
Albert Cummins (R-IA)

Coolidge/Dawes - 57%
La Follette/Wheeler - 33%
Davis/Bryan - 8%
Other - 3%

1922

R 59
D 37

R 301
D 132
O 2

D
A
Y

C
L
A
R
K
E

P
I
T
N
E
Y

William Stephens (R)
CC Young (R)

R 33
D 7

R 73
D 7

1921

1920

R 49
D 47

R 239
D 193
O 3

W
H
I
T
E

Phelan (D)

R 32
D 7
I 1

R 70
D 10

1919

Wilson/Marshall - 47%
Hughes/Fairbanks - 46%
Other - 7%

1918

Hamilton Lewis (D-IL)
Willard Saulsbury (D-DE); 1916-19
James Clarke (D-AR); 1913-16

D 54
R 42

Champ Clark (D-MO)

D 217
R 216
O 1

R 5
D 4
O 2

R 20
D 11
O 9

R 69
D 9
O 2

1917

1916

D 56
R 40

D 230
R 197
O 8

Works (R)

R 5 D 3 O 3

Hiram Johnson (P)
William Stephens (R); 1916-17
John Eshleman (P); 1915-16
Albert Wallace (R); 1911-15

R 21
D 10
P 9

P/D 28/15
R 33
O 4

1915

L
A
M
A
R

H
U
G
H
E
S

Roosevelt/Johnson - 42%
Wilson/Marshall - 42%
Debs/Seidel - 12%
Other - 4%

R 4 D 3 O 4

1914

D 53
R 42
P 1

D 290
R 134
O 11

L
U
R
T
O
N

Perkins (R)

R 7
D 3
I 1

R 30
D 10

R 54
D 25
S 1

1913

1912

Rotation (R/D), 1911-12

R 50
D 42

D 230
R 163
O 1

R 7
D 1

R 32
D 18

R 69
D 11

1911

William P. Frye (R-ME)

H
A
R
L
A
N

Taft/Sherman - 55%
Bryan/Kern - 33%
Debs/Hanford - 7%
Other - 5%

1910

R 60
D 32

Joseph G. Cannon (R-IL)

R 219
D 172

F
U
L
L
E
R

W
H
I
T
E

M
O
O
D
Y

B
R
E
W
E
R

Flint (R)

R 8

Warren Porter (R)
James Gillett (R)

R 30
D 9
I 1

R 60
D 20

1909

P
E
C
K
H
A
M

1908

R 61
D 31

R 224
D 167

R 33
D 6
I 1

R 73
D 6
I 1

1907

Roosevelt/Fairbanks - 62%
Parker/Davis - 27%
Debs/Hanford - 9%
Other - 2%

1906

R 58
D 32

R 250
D 136

B
R
O
W
N

George Pardee (R)
Alden Anderson (R)

R 33
D 3
O 4

R 72
D 4
O 4

1905

1904

R 57
D 33

R 208
D 178

Bard (R)

R 5
D 3

R 33
D 7

R 60
D 19
O 1

1903

McKinley/Roosevelt - 55%
Bryan/Stevenson - 41%
Other - 4%

1902

R 57
D 29
O 4

David Henderson (R-IA)

R 198
D 152
PO 7

G
R
A
Y

S
H
I
R
A
S

R 7

Henry Gage (R)
Jacob Neff (R)

R 34
D 6

R 60
D 20

1901

1900

R 53
D 25
O 12

R 185
D 163
PO 9

R 26
D 14

R 59
D 20
I 2

1899

McKinley/Hobart - 49%
Bryan/Sewall - 48%
Other - 3%

White (D)

R 6-1

1898

R 44
D 34
O 12

Thomas B. Reed (R-ME)

R 203
D 127
PO 27

R 3
D 2
P 2

James Budd (D)
William Jeter (D); 1895-99
Spencer Millard (R); 1895

R 28
D 12

R 47
D 8
O 25

1897

F
I
E
L
D

1896

R 44
D 40
O 6

R 244
D 105
PO 8

R 4
D 2

R 25
D 15

R 64
D 14
O 2

1895

★

Cleveland/Stevenson - 44%
Harrison/Sewall - 44%
Weaver/Field - 9%
Other - 3%

1894

Isham G. Harris (D-TN)
Matt Ransom (D-NC), Jan. 1895

D 53
R 41
O 4

Charles Crisp (D-GA)

D 217
R 127
PO 12

Henry Markham (R)
John Reddick (R)

R 22
D 18

D 45
R 31
O 2

1893

B
L
A
T
C
H
F
O
R
D

1892

Charles Manderson (R-NE)

R 47
D 39
O 2

D 236
R 87
PO 9

L
A
M
A
R

Felton (R)

Stanford (R)

R 28
D 12

R 60
D 19
O 1

1891

B
R
A
D
L
E
Y

Harrison/Morton - 50%
Cleveland/Thurman - 47%
Other - 3%

1890

R 51
D 37

Thomas B. Reed (R-ME)

R 164
D 160

M
I
L
L
E
R

Hearst (R)

Robert Waterman (R)
Stephen M. White (D)

D 22
R 18

D 42
R 38

1889

John James Ingalls (R-KS)

M
A
T
T
H
E
W
S

1888

R 39
D 37

John Carlisle (D-KY)

D 168
R 153
O 4

R 41
D 39

1887

W
A
I
T
E

W
O
O
D
S

Blaine/Logan - 52%
Cleveland/Hendricks - 45%
Other - 3%

Williams (R)

Washington Bartlett (D)

1886

R 42
D 34

D 181
R 142
O 2

Hearst (R)

R 5
D 1

George Stoneman (D)
John Daggett (D)

D 20
R 20

R 60
D 20

1885

John Sherman (R-OH)

Miller (R)

1884

George Edmunds (R-VT)

R 48
D 36
O 2

D 195
R 121
O 10

Farley (D)

D 6

D 32
R 8

D 61
R 19

1883

Hancock/English - 49%
Garfield/Arthur - 49%
Other - 2%

1882

D 37
R 37
O 2

Warren Keifer (R-OH)

R 147
D 136
O 10

D 2
R 2

George C. Perkins (R)
John Mansfield (R)

R 23
D 7
O 10

R 44
D 33
O 5

1881

David Davis (I-IL)

H
U
N
T

C
L
I
F
F
O
R
D

1880

Allen Thurman (D-OH)

D 42
R 31
O 3

Samuel Randall (D-PA)

D 149
R 131
O 13

S
T
R
O
N
G

S
W
A
Y
N
E

Booth (R)

R 3
D 1

R46 D18 O16

1879

Hayes/Wheeler - 50%
Tilden/Hendricks - 49%
Other - 1%

William Irwin (D)
James Johnson (D)

D 27
R 10
O 3

D 55
R 24
O 1

1878

Thomas Ferry (R-MI)

R 39
D 35
O 2

D 152
R 141

Sargent (R)

R 2 D 2

1877

D
A
V
I
S

R 3 D 1

D 23
I 11
R 6

D 64
R 12
I 4

1876

R 45
D 30
O 1

D 178
R 110
I 4

D 3
R 1

1875

Michael Kerr (D-IN)

Grant/Wilson - 56%
Greeley/Brown - 43%
Other - 1%

Romualdo Pacheco (R)

D/I 14/8
R 18

I 34
R 27
D 19

1874

Matthew Carpenter (R-WI)

R 52
D 20
LR 2

James Blaine (R-ME)

R 199
D 89
LR 4

Hager (D)

R 3
D 1

Newton Booth (R)
Romualdo Pacheco (R)

1873

C
H
A
S
E

Casserly (D)

D 22
R 17
I 1

R 54
D 25
I 1

1872

Henry B. Anthony (R-RI)

R 56
D 17
LR 1

R 137
D 103
LR 3

N
E
L
S
O
N

Cole (R)

R 3

1871

Grant/Colfax - 51%
Seymour/Blair - 49%

Henry H. Haight (D)
William Holden (D)

D 26
R 12
I 2

D 67
R 10
I 3

1870

R 62
D 12

R 157
D 64
V 17

D 2
R 1

1869

G
R
I
E
R

R 21
D 19

D 52
R 28

1868

Benjamin Wade (R-OH)

R 57
D 9
V 8

Theodore Pomeroy (R-NY)

R 147
D 45
V 51

Conness (R)

1867

Schuyler Colfax (R-IN)

W
A
Y
N
E

Lincoln/Johnson - 59%
McClellan/Pendleton - 41%

Frederick Low (R)
Tim Machin (D)

R 31
D 9

R 61
D 19

1866

Lafayette S. Foster (R-CT)

R 41
D 13
V 20

R 135
D 54
V 55

McDougall (D)

R 3

1865

C
A
T
R
O
N

R 35
D 5

R 70
D 10

1864

Daniel Clark (R-NH)

R 33
D 17
V 22

D 96
R 89
V 56

T
A
N
E
Y

1863

Solomon Foot (R-VT)

Lincoln/Hamlin - 32%
Douglas/Johnson - 32%
Breckinridge/Lane - 28%
Bell/Everett - 8%

Leland Stanford (R)
John Chellis (D)

R 31 D 9

R 63 D 17

1862

R 30
D 18
V 20

Galusha Grow (R-PA)

R 109
D 71
V 59

Latham (D)

D 23 R 17

D 41 R 39

1861

M
C
L
E
A
N

C
A
M
P
B
E
L
L

John G. Downey (D)

D 30 R 6

D 60 R 19 O 1

1860

Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D-AL)
Jesse Bright (D-IN), June-July 1860

D 38
R 26
A 2

William Pennington (R-NJ)

R 113
D 100
O 24

D
A
N
I
E
L

Gwin (D)

D 2

Milton Latham (D)

D 33 R 2

D 78 R 2

1859

Buchanan/Breckinridge - 48%
Fillmore/Jackson - 33%
Frémont/Dayton - 19%

Haun (D)

John B. Weller (D)
Joseph Walkup (D)

D 30 R 4 I 1

D 72 R 8

1858

D 42
R 20
A 4

James L. Orr (D-SC)

D 131
R 92
A 14

Broderick (D)

D 27 R 5 A 3

D 66 R 9 O 5

1857

Thomas J. Rusk (D-TX)

C
U
R
T
I
S

J. Neely Johnson (A)
Robert Anderson (A)

D 19 A 11 R 3

D 61 R 11 A 8

1856

Jesse Bright (D-IN)

D 40
R/W 21
A 1

Nathaniel Banks (A-MA)

O 100
D 83
A 51

Weller (D)

A16 D16 W1

A 56 D 23 I 1

1855

Charles E. Stuart (D-MI)

Pierce/King - 53%
Scott/Graham - 47%
Other - 0%

John Bigler (D)
Samuel Purdy (D)

D 26 W 7

D 42 W 36 I 2

1854

Lewis Cass (D-MI)

D 39
W/FS 22
A 1

Linn Boyd (D-KY)

D 158
W/FS 76
I 1

Gwin (D)

D 26 W 8

D 68 W 12

1853

David R. Atchison (D-MO)

D 20 W 7

D 41 W 22

1852

William R. King (D-AL)

D 36
W 23
FS 3

D 130
W 86
O 17

M
C
K
I
N
L
E
Y

D 26 W 2

D 41 W 21 I 1

1851

W
O
O
D
B
U
R
Y

United States of America
State of California

Frémont (D)

D 1
I 1

John McDougal (D)

D 10 W 4 I 2

W 18 D 17 I 1

1850

D 36
W 24
FS 2

Howell Cobb (D-GA)

D 114
W 107
O 11

Peter H. Burnett (D)

I 16

I 36

1849

David R. Atchison (D-MO)

Mexican Cession US Military Occupation
1846-1849

Military Bennet Riley • Persifor F. Smith

1848

D 39
W 21

Robert C. Winthrop (W-MA)

W 116
D 109
O 2

Military Richard B. Mason

1847

Military Stephen Kearney • Robert Stockton

1846

D 31
W 24
FS 1

John W. Davis (D-IN)

D 140
W 78
A 6

California Republic República de California

President William B. Ide • Military John Sloat

1845

Ambrose Sevier (D-AR)

S
T
O
R
Y

Mexican Republic República Mexicana
1885-1846

Pío Píco; 1845-46

1844

Willie P. Magnum (W-NC)

W 27
D 24
O 1

John W. Jones (D-VA)

D 148
W 73
O 1

T
H
O
M
P
S
O
N

B
A
L
D
W
I
N

Manuel Micheltorena; 1842-45

1843

1842

W 29
D 22
O 1

John White (W-KY)

W 143
D 99

Juan Bautista Alvarado; 1838-42

1841

Samuel Southard (W-NJ)

B
A
R
B
O
U
R

1840

William R. King (D-AL)

D 29
W 23

Robert Hunter (W-VA)

D 125
W 109
8

1839

1838

D 35
W 17

James K. Polk (D-TN)

D 130
W 101
11

Carlos Antonio Carrillo; 1837-38

1837

Juan Bautista Alvarado; 1836-37

1836

31-19-2

D 141
NR 76
23

Mariano Chico; 1836

1835

John Tyler (NR-VA)

24-22-2

M
A
R
S
H
A
L
L

D
U
V
A
L
L

United Mexican States Estados Unidos Mexicanos
1824-1835

José Figueroa; 1833-35

1834

George Poindexter (NR-MS)

NR 26
D 20
O 2

John Bell (D-TN)

D 145
NR 61
34

J
O
H
N
S
O
N

1833

Hugh Lawson White (D-TN)

Andrew Stevenson (JD-VA)

1832

Littleton Tazewell (D-VA)

D 24
NR 22
O 2

D 128
NR 65
20

José María Echeandía; 1832-33

1831

Samuel Smith (D-MD)

Manuel Victoria; 1831-32

1830

D 26
NR 22

D 135
NR 73
5

José María Echeandía; 1825-31

1829

W
A
S
H
I
N
G
T
O
N

1828

JD 27
AD 20

JD 113
AD 100
5

★

1827

1826

Nathaniel Macon (D-NC)

JD 26
AD 22

John Taylor (AD-NY)

AD 107
JD 106

1825

John Gaillard (D-SC)

T
O
D
D

1824

D 43
F 5

Henry Clay (D-KY)

D 189
F 24

Luis Antonio Argüello; 1822-25

1823

L
I
V
I
N
G
S
T
O
N

Mexican Empire Imperio Mexicano
1521-1821

1822

D 44
F 4

Philip P. Barbour (D-VA)

D 157
F 32

1821

Viceroyalty of New Spain Virreinato de Nueva España
1521-1821

Pablo Vicente de Solá; 1815-22

1820

D 38
F 8

John Taylor (D-NY)

D 156
F 29

1819

James Barbour (D-VA)

Henry Clay (D-KY)

1818

John Gaillard (D-SC)

D 27
F 13

D 145
F 40

1817

1816

D 25
F 13

D 119
F 63

1815

1814

D 26
F 10

Langdon Cheves (D-SC)

D 113
F 69

José Darío Argüello; 1814-15

1813

Joseph Varnum (D-MA)

Henry Clay (D-KY)

José Joaquín de Arrillaga; 1800-14

1812

William H. Crawford (D-GA)

D 29
F 7

D 106
F 36

1811

John Pope (D-KY)

C
H
A
S
E

1810

John Gaillard (D-SC)

D 26
F 8

Joseph B. Varnum (D-MA)

D 93
F 49

C
U
S
H
I
N
G

1809

Andrew Gregg (D-PA)

1808

Stephen Bradley (D-VT)

D 28
F 6

D 115
F 27

1807

1806

Samuel Smith (D-MD)

D 27
F 7

Nathaniel Macon (D-NC)

D 114
F 28

P
A
T
E
R
S
O
N

1805

Joseph Anderson (D-TN)

1804

Jesse Franklin (D-NC)

D 25
F 9

D 102
F 40

1803

John Brown (D-KY)

M
O
O
R
E

1802

Stephen Bradley (D-VT)

17-15

D 68
F 38

1801

Abraham Baldwin (D-GA)

18-14

1800

John E. Howard (F-MD)

F 21
D 11

Theodore Sedgwick (F-MA)

F 60
D 46

E
L
L
S
W
O
R
T
H

Pedro de Alberni

1799

James Ross (F-PA)

I
R
E
D
E
L
L

Diego de Borica; 1794-1800

1798

Theodore Sedgwick (F-MA)

F 22
D 10

Jonathan Dayton (F-NJ)

F 56
D 50

W
I
L
S
O
N

1797

William Bradford (F-RI)

1796

Samuel Livermore (F-NH)

F 21
D 11

D 59
F 47

1795

Henry Tazewell (D-VA)

★

B
L
A
I
R

1794

Ralph Izard (PA-SC)

PA 16
AA 14

Frederick Muhlenberg (AA-PA)

AA 55
PA 50

J
A
Y

1793

John Langdon (PA-NH)

José Joaquín de Arrillaga; 1792-94

1792

PA 17
AA 13

Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (PA-PA)

PA 39
AA 30

★

José Antonio Roméu; 1791-92

1791

Richard Henry Lee (AA-VA)

★

1790

John Langdon (PA-NH)

18-8

Frederick Muhlenberg (PA-PA)

37-28

Pedro Fages; 1782-91

1789

Cyrus Griffin (VA); 1788 • Vacant; 1788-89

1788

Congress of the Confederation
1781-1789

VIII

Arthur St. Clair (PA); 1787-88

1787

VII

Nathaniel Gorham (MA); 1786-87

1786

John Hancock (MA); 1785-86

1785

Richard Henry Lee (VA); 1784-85

1784

Thomas Mifflin (PA); 1783-84

1783

III

Elias Boudinot (NJ); 1782-83

1782

John Hanson (MD); 1781-82

Felipe de Neve; 1777-82

1781

Thomas McKean (DE); 1781

1780

Continental Congress
1774-1781

Samuel Huntington (CT); 1779-81

1779

John Jay (NY); 1778-78

1778

Henry Laurens (SC); 1777-78

1777

John Hancock (MA); 1775-77
Pre-1776 Presidents:
Peyton Randolph (VA); 1774, 1775 • Henry Hiddleton (SC); 1774

Fernando Rivera y Moncada; 1774-77
Pre-1776 Goverors:
de Portolá; 1769-70 • Fages; 1770-74

1776

NOTE: After 1921, the de facto leader of Senate became the Majority Leader, as such, that individual is listed with the de jure leader, the President Pro Tempore, in smaller text. From 1913-1920, the Democratic Leader listed was officially the Democratic Whip. Before 1913, the de jure and de facto elected leader in the US Senate was the President Pro Tempore. After the adoption of the Constitution, the Congress was split into two chamber (House & Senate), under the Articles of Confederation (1781-1789) and statutory convention (1776-1781), there was a President of the (Continental/Confederation) Congress that served as leader of the legislature.

KEY
Modern Political Affiliations:

D - Democratic Party (1828-)   Jacksonian Party (1825-1828); Democratic-Republican Party (1796-1825)

R - Republican Party (1854-)   National Union Party (1864)

I - Independent (Unaffiliated)

O - Other   Usually a combination of independents and/or smaller parties other than the two main parties

Historical Political Affiliations and Third Parties:

A - American Party (1844-1860)   Also known as the Know Nothing Party

AA - Anti-Administration Faction (1789-1796)   Evolved into the Democratic-Republican Party

AD - Anti-Jacksonian Faction of the Democratic-Republican Party (1824-1828)   Evolved into the National Republican Party

FL - Farmer-Labor Party (1918-1936)   Most merged into the Democratic Party

F - Federalist Party (1789-1824)   Dissolved with most former members creating the National Republican Party

FS - Free Soil Party (1848-1854)   Split from the Whig Party; Liberty Party (1840-1848)

JD - Jacksonian Faction of the Democratic-Republican Party (1824-1828)   Took control of the Democratic-Republican Party

LR - Liberal Republican Party (1870-1872)   Split from the Republican Party and members dispersed back into the Democratic and Republican Parties

NR - National Republican Party (1824-1834)   Evolved into the Whig Party

PO - Populist Party (1892-1909)   Dissolved and members dispersed back into the Democratic and Republican Parties

P - Progressive Party (1912-1916, 1924-1946)   Wisconsin Progressive Party (1934-1946); Originally split from the Republican Party

PRO - Prohibition Party (1869-)

PA - Pro-Administration Faction (1789-1794)   Most merged into the Federalist Party

S - Socialist Party (1901-1972)

V - Vacancy due to the Civil War & Reconstruction (1860-1868)

W - Whig Party (1833-1856)   Most merged into the Republican Party

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